AV Fistula

An arteriovenous (AV) fistula is a surgical procedure used to create a reliable, long-term access point for hemodialysis. During the procedure, a vascular surgeon connects an artery to a nearby vein, typically in the arm, which increases blood flow and pressure in the vein. This causes the vein to gradually enlarge and strengthen, making it suitable for repeated needle insertions and the high blood flow needed for effective hemodialysis treatment. AV fistulas are the preferred access method because they generally last longer, carry a lower risk of infection and clotting, and offer more consistent performance than other types of access. After the procedure, the fistula needs time, usually several weeks or months, to mature before it can be used for treatment.

Sometimes a revision procedure may be needed if the fistula doesn’t develop as expected or experiences issues like narrowing or reduced blood flow. This might involve making small adjustments, such as clearing a blockage or rerouting part of the fistula. These procedures are performed to help ensure the fistula functions well and continues to provide dependable access for dialysis treatments.