Arteriovenous (AV) Fistulogram

An arteriovenous (AV) fistulogram is a diagnostic imaging procedure used to assess the function and condition of an AV fistula or graft, most commonly created for dialysis access. It can also be used to evaluate abnormal or spontaneous AV fistulas unrelated to dialysis, such as those caused by trauma, congenital vascular anomalies, or certain vascular malformations. During the procedure, contrast dye is injected into the access site—usually in the arm—and fluoroscopy (a real-time X-ray) is used to visualize blood flow. This helps identify issues like narrowing (stenosis), blockages, or clots that may interfere with proper circulation. If a problem is detected, it can often be treated immediately with procedures such as angioplasty or thrombectomy to restore normal blood flow.